Learning Resources

Explore Resources:

Alternatives to Corporal Punishment

Return to Learning Mindset (RLM)

The Return to Learning Mindset (RLM) approach requires a shift in priorities: instead of asking “What should the consequence be?” teachers are encouraged to ask “How can I help this student return to the mindset of learning?” When a student is triggered—by a conflict with a teacher or a
comment by a peer—they become “stuck” in their brainstems.

Restorative Circles (RCs)

Restorative Circles (RCs) provide students the opportunity to reflect on their behavior, recognize its effect on others, and exchange the stories of their experiences. RCs require a culture of respect and understanding so students will feel encouraged to contribute meaningfully and listen intentionally.

Scan the QR code or click the button below to get this resource.

Collaborative & Proactive Solutions (CPSs)

Collaborative & Proactive Solutions (CPS) is an evidence-based, non-punitive, non-exclusionary, trauma-informed model of care that helps caregivers identify and collaboratively and proactively solve the problems that cause students’ concerning behaviors.

Corporal Punishment in Arkansas Public Schools

Overview

Children in Arkansas deserve a free, fair education in safe, nurturing environments. Corporal punishment undermines educational goals, child safety, and parent’s rights. Arkansas Against School Paddling advocates for a statewide ban on corporal punishment.

What is Corporal Punishment in Schools?
Current Situation in Arkansas Schools
Research Findings
Why Change is Needed Now
Take Action
Relevant Publications
Forthcoming Work
References
  • Allison, M. A., Beers, N., Peterson, J. W., O’Leary, S. C., Bode, S., Baum, M., Connor, K. A., Frank, E., Gibson, E., Larkin, M., Newman, T., Okuizumi-Wu, Y., Padrez, R., Schumacher, H., Goddard, A., King, K., Ryst, E., & McCarty, C. (2023). Corporal punishment in schools. PEDIATRICS, 152(3). Read more
  • Bauer, G. B., Dubanoski, R., Yamauchi, L. A., & Honbo, K. A. M. (1990). Corporal punishment and the schools. Education and Urban Society, 22(3), 285-299. Read more
  • Block, N. (2013). Breaking the paddle: Ending school corporal punishment. Center for Effective Discipline.
  • Centers for Disease Control (2024). Safe and supportive school environments. Read more
  • Cohen, J. (2012). Creating a positive school climate: A foundation for resilience. In: Handbook of resilience in children (pp. 411-423). Springer. Read more
  • Curran, F. C., & Kitchin, J. (2018). Estimating the Relationship between Corporal Punishment Use and School Suspensions: Longitudinal Evidence from the Civil Rights Data Collection. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(2), 139–160. Read more
  • Duarte, C. D., Moses, C., Brown, M., Kajeepeta, S., Prins, S. J., Scott, J., & Mujahid, M. S. (2023). Punitive school discipline as a mechanism of structural marginalization with implications for health inequity: A systematic review of quantitative studies in the health and social sciences literature. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1519(1), 129-152. Read more
  • Dubanoski, R. A., Inaba, M., & Gerkewicz, K. (1983). Corporal punishment in schools: Myths, problems and alternatives. Child abuse & neglect, 7(3), 271-278.
  • Dupper, D. R., & Montgomery Dingus, A. E. (2008). Corporal punishment in US Public schools: A continuing challenge for school social workers. Children & Schools, 30(4), 243-250. Read more
  • Font, S. A., & Gershoff, E. T. (2017). Contextual factors associated with the use of corporal punishment in U.S. public schools. Children and Youth Services Review, 79, 408–417. Read more
  • Gagnon, J. C., Gurel, S., & Barber, B. R. (2017). State-level analysis of school punitive discipline practices in Florida. Behavioral Disorders, 42(2), 65-80. Read more
  • Gershoff, E. T., & Font, S. A. (2016). Corporal punishment in US public schools: Prevalence, disparities in use, and status in state and federal policy. Social Policy Report, 30, 1.
  • Gershoff, E. T. (2017). School corporal punishment in global perspective: prevalence, outcomes, and efforts at intervention. Psychology Health & Medicine, 22(sup1), 224–239. Read more
  • Gershoff, E., Sattler, K., & Holden, G. W. (2019). School corporal punishment and its associations with achievement and adjustment. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 63, 1-8. Read more
  • Gingrich, J. (2023). Sanctioned Abuse: Corporal Punishment, Restraint and Seclusion of Children in Public Schools. Pub. Int. L. Rep., 29, 36.
  • Greydanus, D. E., Pratt, H. D., Spates, C. R., Blake-Dreher, A. E., Greydanus-Gearhart, M. A., & Patel, D. R. (2003). Corporal punishment in schools: Position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Journal of Adolescent Health, 32(5), 385-393.
  • Heekes, S., Kruger, C. B., Lester, S. N., & Ward, C. L. (2020). A Systematic Review of Corporal Punishment in Schools: Global Prevalence and correlates. Trauma Violence & Abuse, 23(1), 52–72. Read more
  • Hemez, P., Brent, J. J., & Mowen, T. J. (2020). Exploring the school-to-prison pipeline: How school suspensions influence incarceration during young adulthood. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 18(3), 235-255. Read more
  • Hyman, I. A. (1990). Reading, writing, and the hickory stick: The appalling story of physical and psychological abuse in American schools. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
  • Kaltenbach, E., Hermenau, K., Nkuba, M., Goessmann, K., & Hecker, T. (2017). Improving Interaction Competencies with Children—A pilot feasibility Study to reduce school corporal punishment. Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma, 27(1), 35–53. Read more
  • Kayama, M., Haight, W., Gibson, P. A., & Wilson, R. (2015). Use of criminal justice language in personal narratives of out-of-school suspensions: Black students, caregivers, and educators. Children and Youth Services Review, 51, 26-35. Read more
  • MacSuga-Gage, A. S., Gage, N. A., Katsiyannis, A., Hirsch, S. E., & Kisner, H. (2021). Disproportionate corporal punishment of students with disabilities and Black and Hispanic students. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 32(3), 212-223. Read more
  • Medway, F. J., & Smircic, J. M. (1992). Willingness to use corporal punishment among school administrators in South Carolina. Psychological Reports, 71, 65-66.
  • Middleton, J. (2008). The experience of corporal punishment in schools, 1890-1940. History of Education, 37(2), 253-275. Read more
  • Mowen, T. J. (2017). The collateral consequences of “criminalized” school punishment on disadvantaged parents and families. The Urban Review, 49(5), 832-851. Read more
  • Nikolaidis, A. C. (2023). Race in education policy: School safety and the discursive legitimation of disproportionate punishment. Journal of Education Policy, 38(5), 713-737. Read more
  • Poole, S. R., Ushkow, M. C., Nader, P. R., Bradford, B. J., Asbury, J. R., Worthington, D. C., Sanabria, K. E., & Carruth, T. (1991). The role of the pediatrician in abolishing corporal punishment in schools. Committee on School Health, American Academy of Pediatrics. Pediatrics, 88(1), 162-167. Read more
  • Rodriguez, C. M., Ericksen, K. S., Vaughan-Eden, V., Jackson-Nevels, B., LeBlanc, S., & Munshell, P. (2025). Evaluating the impact of No-Hit Zone trainings in preschool-age childcare facilities for child maltreatment prevention: A quasi-experimental pilot study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 164, 107432.
  • Sonnenberg, R. (2022). ‘Spare the kids’: SPLC and other advocates push to end corporal punishment in schools. Read more
  • Templeton, D. S., Korchagin, R., Valla, B., & Ford, J. R. (2025). When Parent–Teacher Collaboration Turns Violent: Corporal Punishment in American Schools and Subsequent (Secondary) Trauma. Children, 12(6), 684.
  • Theriot, M. T. (2009). School resource officers and the criminalization of student behavior. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(3), 280-287. Read more
  • Tiwari, A. (2018). The corporal punishment ban in schools: Teachers’ attitudes and classroom practices. Educational Studies, 45(3), 271–284. Read more
  • Tomoda, A., Suzuki, H., Rabi, K., Sheu, Y.-S., Polcari, A., & Teicher, M. H. (2009). Reduced prefrontal cortical gray matter volume in young adults exposed to harsh corporal punishment. Neuroimage, 47, T66-T71.
  • U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights (2023). Corporal punishment in public schools. Read more
  • Voight, A. (2015). Student voice for school‐climate improvement: A case study of an urban middle school. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 25(4), 310-326. Read more
  • Wang, M. T., & Degol, J. L. (2016). School climate: A review of the construct, measurement, and impact on student outcomes. Educational Psychology Review, 28(2), 315-352. Read more
  • Ward, G., Petersen, N., Kupchik, A., & Pratt, J. (2021). Historic lynching and corporal punishment in contemporary southern schools. Social Problems, 68(1), 41-62. Read more
  • World Health Organization (2025). Corporal punishment of children: the public health impact. Read more
  • Youssef, R. M., Attia, M. S., & Kamel, M. I. (1998). Children experiencing violence II: Prevalence and determinants of corporal punishment in schools. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(10), 975-985.
Load More

Does your child's school district ENDORSE corporal punishment?

School districts are identified as “endorsing corporal punishment” if any of their schools’ latest handbooks include paddling as a possible consequence.

    Great News!

    Your child's school does NOT endorse corporal punishment!

    But there are still 176 school districts in Arkansas that DO endorse corporal punishment, and they're filled with kids just like yours...

    So, what can you do to help?

    Here are a few options:

    • Contact other district's administrative team or its school board to inquire about future policy changes

    • Sign up below to receive our newsletter to help ban corporal punishment statewide


    We've got Bad News...

    According to our records, your child's school endorses corporal punishment. Although the district allows (with your signature) your child to "opt out" of this consequence, the endorsement proves a profound misunderstanding of child psychology, expert behavior intervention strategies, and trauma-sensitive learning environments. There is absolutely no research that supports this district's decision to paddle students.

    Has your school district been erroneously identified as endorsing corporal punishment? Let us know via email: talktous@banpaddlingar.com

    So, what should you do?

    Here are a few options:

    • Continue searching for safer schools to send your child

    • Contact the district's administrative team or its school board to inquire about future policy changes

    • Sign up below to receive our newsletter to help ban corporal punishment statewide

    Find out
    here!

    ×

    Thank you for supporting Arkansans Against School Paddling!

    We are the official Arkansas chapter of the U.S. Alliance to End the Hitting of Children - a registered 501(c)(3).

    To make sure your donation is tax-deductible and goes directly toward supporting our advocacy and education efforts in Arkansas, donations are processed through the U.S. Alliance to End the Hitting of Children.

    You will now be redirected to endhitting.org to complete your donation.